CIA World Factbook

261 country and entity profiles from the final edition.

261 of 261

Capital: KabulPop: 49,474,805 (2025 est.)

Capital: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia)Pop: (2020) approximately 18,195 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 11,000 Cypriots and 7,195 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents

Capital: Tirana (Tirane)Pop: 2,551,837 (2025 est.)

Capital: AlgiersPop: 47,735,685 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Pago PagoPop: 43,268 (2025 est.)

Capital: Andorra la VellaPop: 85,370 (2024 est.)

Capital: LuandaPop: 38,984,796 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: The ValleyPop: 19,416 (2024 est.)

Pop: no permanent inhabitants, but staff is present at year-round and summer-only research stations<br><br><strong>note: </strong>56 countries have signed the 1959 Antarctic Treaty; 30 of those operate a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands; the population varies from approximately 5,000 in summer to 1,100 in winter, with about 1,000 support personnel on ships nearby<br><br>as of 2024, peak summer (December-February) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 4,713 total; Argentina 425, Australia 238, Belarus 15, Belgium 55, Brazil 64, Bulgaria 25, Chile 375, China 164, Czechia 32, Ecuador 35, Finland 16, France 136, France and Italy jointly 70, Germany 60, India 72, Italy 150, Japan 130, South Korea 158, New Zealand 85, Norway 60, Peru 30, Poland 41, Russia 211, South Africa 80, Spain 79, Sweden 16, Ukraine 15, United Kingdom 315, United States 1,495 , Uruguay 66 (2024)<br><br>winter (June-August) maximum capacity in scientific stations - 1,056 total; Argentina 221, Australia 52, Brazil 15, Chile 114, China 32, France 24, France and Italy jointly 13, Germany 9, India 48, Japan 40, Netherlands 10, South Korea 25, NZ 11, Norway 7, Poland 16, Russia 125, South Africa 15, Ukraine 12, UK 44, US 215, Uruguay 8 (2024)

Antigua and Barbuda

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Saint John'sPop: 102,634 (2024 est.)

Capital: Buenos AiresPop: 45,418,098 (2025 est.)

Capital: YerevanPop: 2,963,837 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: OranjestadPop: 125,063 (2024 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australia & Oceania

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

Australia & Oceania

Capital: CanberraPop: 27,490,921 (2025 est.)

Capital: ViennaPop: 9,174,390 (2025 est.)

Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky)Pop: 10,694,370 (2025 est.)

Capital: ManamaPop: 1,566,888 (2024 est.)

Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Palmyra Atoll

Australia & Oceania

Pop: <p><strong>note</strong>: entry is only allowed through a Special Use Permit when the activity is deemed appropriate with purposes to the refuge establishment. </p>

Capital: DhakaPop: 174,370,536 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: BridgetownPop: 304,139 (2024 est.)

Capital: MinskPop: 9,460,972 (2025 est.)

Capital: BrusselsPop: 11,960,170 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: BelmopanPop: 421,960 (2025 est.)

Capital: Porto-Novo (constitutional capital); Cotonou (seat of government)Pop: 15,186,090 (2025 est.)

Capital: HamiltonPop: 72,800 (2024 est.)

Capital: ThimphuPop: 892,877 (2025 est.)

Capital: La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital)Pop: 12,436,103 (2025 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Capital: SarajevoPop: 3,653,499 (2025 est.)

Capital: GaboronePop: 2,521,534 (2025 est.)

Pop: uninhabited

Capital: BrasíliaPop: 221,359,387 (2025 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory

Capital: administered from London; often regarded as being on Diego GarciaPop: no permanent inhabitants

British Virgin Islands

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Road TownPop: 40,102 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Bandar Seri BegawanPop: 491,900 (2024 est.)

Capital: SofiaPop: 6,737,997 (2025 est.)

Capital: OuagadougouPop: 23,490,300 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Rangoon (aka Yangon, continues to be recognized as the primary Burmese capital by the US Government); Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capitalPop: 57,931,718 (2025 est.)

Capital: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital)Pop: 13,590,102 (2024 est.)

Capital: Yamoussoukro (legislative capital), Abidjan (administrative and economic capital); note - the US Embassy is in AbidjanPop: 31,855,971 (2025 est.)

Capital: PraiaPop: 611,014 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Phnom PenhPop: 17,230,333 (2025 est.)

Capital: YaoundePop: 31,518,954 (2025 est.)

Capital: OttawaPop: 39,187,155 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: George Town (on Grand Cayman)Pop: 66,653 (2024 est.)

Central African Republic

Capital: BanguiPop: 5,750,570 (2025 est.)

Capital: N'DjamenaPop: 19,674,004 (2025 est.)

Capital: Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislaturePop: 19,091,343 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: BeijingPop: 1,407,181,209 (2025 est.)

Christmas Island

Australia & Oceania

Capital: The Settlement (Flying Fish Cove)Pop: 1,692 (2021 est.)

Clipperton Island

Pop: uninhabited

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Australia & Oceania

Capital: West IslandPop: 593 (2021 est.)

Capital: BogotáPop: 49,842,298 (2025 est.)

Capital: MoroniPop: 911,707 (2025 est.)

Congo (Brazzaville)

Capital: BrazzavillePop: 6,097,665 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: AvaruaPop: 7,592 (2025 est.)

Coral Sea Islands

Australia & Oceania

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: San JoséPop: 5,304,932 (2025 est.)

Capital: ZagrebPop: 4,071,208 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: HavanaPop: 10,059,519 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: WillemstadPop: 153,289 (2024 est.)

Capital: Nicosia (Lefkosia/Lefkosa)Pop: 1,332,293 (2025 est.)

Capital: PraguePop: 10,838,703 (2025 est.)

Capital: CopenhagenPop: 6,051,491 (2025 est.)

Capital: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in AkrotiriPop: approximately 15,500 on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 9,700 Cypriots and 5,800 Service and UK-based contract personnel and dependents

Capital: DjiboutiPop: 1,013,703 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: RoseauPop: 74,661 (2024 est.)

Capital: KinshasaPop: 119,038,825 (2025 est.)

Capital: QuitoPop: 18,479,841 (2025 est.)

Capital: CairoPop: 112,870,457 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: San SalvadorPop: 6,334,723 (2025 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

Capital: Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region.Pop: 1,795,834 (2024 est.)

Capital: AsmaraPop: 6,416,435 (2025 est.)

Capital: TallinnPop: 1,340,478 (2025 est.)

Capital: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital)Pop: 1,137,268 (2025 est.)

Capital: Addis AbabaPop: 121,372,632 (2025 est.)

Capital: Brussels (Belgium), Strasbourg (France), Luxembourg, Frankfurt (Germany)Pop: 451,815,312 (2024 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Capital: StanleyPop: 3,142 (2021)

Capital: TorshavnPop: 52,933 (2024 est.)

Federated States of Micronesia

Australia & Oceania

Capital: PalikirPop: 99,603 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Suva (on Viti Levu)Pop: 951,611 (2024 est.)

Capital: HelsinkiPop: 5,550,449 (2025 est.)

Capital: ParisPop: 68,512,806 (2025 est.)

French Polynesia

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Papeete (located on Tahiti)Pop: 305,507 (2025 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

Capital: LibrevillePop: 2,513,738 (2025 est.)

Gaza, Gaza Strip

Pop: 2,184,652 (2025 est.)

Capital: TbilisiPop: 4,900,961 (2024 est.)

Capital: BerlinPop: 84,012,284 (2025 est.)

Capital: AccraPop: 35,336,133 (2025 est.)

Capital: GibraltarPop: 29,733 (2025 est.)

Capital: AthensPop: 10,424,536 (2025 est.)

Capital: NuukPop: 57,751 (2024 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Saint George'sPop: 114,621 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Hagatna (Agana)Pop: 169,532 (2024 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Guatemala CityPop: 18,255,216 (2024 est.)

Capital: Saint Peter PortPop: 67,923 (2025 est.)

Capital: ConakryPop: 14,374,590 (2025 est.)

Capital: BissauPop: 2,132,325 (2024 est.)

Capital: GeorgetownPop: 794,099 (2024 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Port-au-PrincePop: 11,898,812 (2025 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Pop: uninhabited

Holy See (Vatican City)

Capital: Vatican CityPop: 1,000 (2024)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: TegucigalpaPop: 9,529,188 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Pop: 7,305,556 (2025 est.)

Capital: BudapestPop: 9,855,745 (2024 est.)

Capital: ReykjavikPop: 364,036 (2024 est.)

Capital: New DelhiPop: 1,419,316,933 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: JakartaPop: 283,587,097 (2025 est.)

Capital: TehranPop: 89,177,357 (2025 est.)

Capital: BaghdadPop: 42,917,742 (2025 est.)

Capital: DublinPop: 5,233,461 (2024 est.)

Capital: DouglasPop: 92,666 (2025 est.)

Capital: JerusalemPop: 9,402,617 (2024 est.)

Capital: RomePop: 60,924,851 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: KingstonPop: 2,938,503 (2025 est.)

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: TokyoPop: 123,201,945 (2024 est.)

Capital: Saint HelierPop: 103,944 (2025 est.)

Capital: AmmanPop: 11,312,507 (2025 est.)

Capital: AstanaPop: 20,432,662 (2025 est.)

Capital: NairobiPop: 55,751,717 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: TarawaPop: 116,545 (2024 est.)

Capital: Pristina (Prishtine, Prishtina)Pop: 1,977,093 (2024 est.)

Capital: Kuwait CityPop: 3,172,511 (2025 est.)

Capital: BishkekPop: 6,219,751 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Vientiane (Viangchan)Pop: 7,953,556 (2024 est.)

Capital: RigaPop: 1,888,439 (2025 est.)

Capital: BeirutPop: 5,364,482 (2024 est.)

Capital: MaseruPop: 2,222,962 (2025 est.)

Capital: MonroviaPop: 5,563,541 (2025 est.)

Capital: Tripoli (Tarabulus)Pop: 7,361,263 (2024 est.)

Capital: VaduzPop: 40,547 (2025 est.)

Capital: VilniusPop: 2,815,687 (2025 est.)

Capital: LuxembourgPop: 671,254 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Pop: 644,426 (2024 est.)

Capital: AntananarivoPop: 31,345,040 (2025 est.)

Capital: LilongwePop: 21,763,309 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Kuala LumpurPop: 34,905,275 (2025 est.)

Capital: MaléPop: 388,858 (2024 est.)

Capital: BamakoPop: 22,634,423 (2025 est.)

Capital: VallettaPop: 521,828 (2025 est.)

Marshall Islands

Australia & Oceania

Capital: MajuroPop: 82,011 (2024 est.)

Capital: NouakchottPop: 5,202,109 (2025 est.)

Capital: Port LouisPop: 1,311,375 (2025 est.)

Capital: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)Pop: 130,739,927 (2024 est.)

Capital: Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian)Pop: 3,578,930 (2025 est.)

Capital: MonacoPop: 32,047 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: UlaanbaatarPop: 3,281,676 (2024 est.)

Capital: PodgoricaPop: 599,849 (2024 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: PlymouthPop: 5,468 (2024 est.)

Capital: RabatPop: 37,387,585 (2024 est.)

Capital: MaputoPop: 34,206,144 (2025 est.)

Capital: WindhoekPop: 2,852,777 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: no official capital; government offices in the Yaren DistrictPop: 9,930 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Pop: uninhabited

Capital: KathmanduPop: 31,334,402 (2025 est.)

Capital: AmsterdamPop: 17,833,885 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: NoumeaPop: 307,612 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: WellingtonPop: 5,161,211 (2024 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: ManaguaPop: 6,739,380 (2025 est.)

Capital: NiameyPop: 27,322,555 (2025 est.)

Capital: AbujaPop: 244,344,065 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: AlofiPop: 1,815 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: KingstonPop: 1,739 (2021)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: PyongyangPop: 26,402,841 (2025 est.)

North Macedonia

Capital: SkopjePop: 2,137,556 (2025 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands

Australia & Oceania

Capital: SaipanPop: 51,118 (2024 est.)

Capital: OsloPop: 5,509,733 (2024 est.)

Capital: MuscatPop: 3,969,824 (2025 est.)

Capital: IslamabadPop: 257,047,044 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: NgerulmudPop: 21,947 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Panama CityPop: 4,536,008 (2025 est.)

Papua New Guinea

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Port MoresbyPop: 10,273,996 (2025 est.)

Paracel Islands

East & Southeast Asia

Pop: 2,230 (2024 est.)

Capital: AsunciónPop: 7,604,044 (2025 est.)

Capital: LimaPop: 32,768,614 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: ManilaPop: 118,277,063 (2024 est.)

Pitcairn Islands

Australia & Oceania

Capital: AdamstownPop: 50 (2025 est.)

Capital: WarsawPop: 38,746,310 (2024 est.)

Capital: LisbonPop: 10,194,277 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: San JuanPop: 2,984,841 (2025 est.)

Capital: DohaPop: 2,568,426 (2025 est.)

Capital: BucharestPop: 18,148,155 (2024 est.)

Capital: MoscowPop: 140,134,279 (2025 est.)

Capital: KigaliPop: 13,623,302 (2024 est.)

Saint Barthelemy

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: GustaviaPop: 7,079 (2025 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

Capital: JamestownPop: 7,943 (2024 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: BasseterrePop: 55,434 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: CastriesPop: 168,462 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: MarigotPop: 33,093 (2025 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Capital: Saint-PierrePop: 5,070 (2025 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: KingstownPop: 100,647 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: ApiaPop: 210,223 (2025 est.)

Capital: San Marino (city)Pop: 35,291 (2025 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe

Capital: Sao TomePop: 223,561 (2024 est.)

Capital: RiyadhPop: 36,544,431 (2024 est.)

Capital: DakarPop: 18,847,519 (2024 est.)

Capital: Belgrade (Beograd)Pop: 6,652,212 (2024 est.)

Capital: VictoriaPop: 98,187 (2024 est.)

Capital: FreetownPop: 9,331,203 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: SingaporePop: 6,080,545 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: PhilipsburgPop: 46,738 (2025 est.)

Capital: BratislavaPop: 5,563,649 (2024 est.)

Capital: LjubljanaPop: 2,097,893 (2024 est.)

Solomon Islands

Australia & Oceania

Capital: HoniaraPop: 738,774 (2025 est.)

Capital: MogadishuPop: 20,324,160 (2025 est.)

Capital: Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)Pop: 61,089,926 (2025 est.)

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: SeoulPop: 51,486,343 (2025 est.)

Capital: JubaPop: 12,703,714 (2024 est.)

Capital: MadridPop: 47,280,433 (2024 est.)

Spratly Islands

East & Southeast Asia

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

Capital: Colombo (commercial capital); Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative capital)Pop: 22,050,561 (2025 est.)

Capital: KhartoumPop: 50,467,278 (2024 est.)

Capital: ParamariboPop: 653,605 (2025 est.)

Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitsbergen, the largest island in the archipelago)

Capital: LongyearbyenPop: 2,556 (2025 est.)

Capital: StockholmPop: 10,643,745 (2025 est.)

Capital: BernPop: 8,925,741 (2025 est.)

Capital: DamascusPop: 24,261,882 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: TaipeiPop: 23,600,776 (2025 est.)

Capital: DushanbePop: 10,593,876 (2025 est.)

Capital: DodomaPop: 69,145,464 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: BangkokPop: 70,025,248 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: NassauPop: 415,306 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Santo DomingoPop: 10,899,292 (2025 est.)

Capital: BanjulPop: 2,523,327 (2024 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: DiliPop: 1,404,785 (2025 est.)

Capital: LomePop: 9,143,439 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Pop: 2,453 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Nuku'alofaPop: 104,519 (2025 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Port of SpainPop: 1,410,170 (2025 est.)

Capital: TunisPop: 11,962,995 (2025 est.)

Capital: AnkaraPop: 84,625,585 (2025 est.)

Capital: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)Pop: 5,744,151 (2024 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)Pop: 60,439 (2024 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: FunafutiPop: 11,824 (2025 est.)

Capital: KampalaPop: 50,863,850 (2025 est.)

Capital: Kyiv (Kiev is the transliteration from Russian)Pop: 35,661,826 (2024 est.)

United Arab Emirates

Capital: Abu DhabiPop: 10,093,593 (2025 est.)

Capital: LondonPop: 68,751,311 (2025 est.)

Capital: Washington, D.C.Pop: 338,016,259 (2025 est.)

Capital: MontevideoPop: 3,449,444 (2025 est.)

Capital: Tashkent (Toshkent)Pop: 37,015,151 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Port-Vila (on Efate)Pop: 318,007 (2024 est.)

Capital: CaracasPop: 31,755,435 (2025 est.)

East & Southeast Asia

Capital: Hanoi (Ha Noi)Pop: 106,688,169 (2025 est.)

Central America & Caribbean

Capital: Charlotte AmaliePop: 103,792 (2025 est.)

Australia & Oceania

Pop: no permanent inhabitants

Wallis and Futuna

Australia & Oceania

Capital: Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)Pop: 15,998 (2025 est.)

Pop: 3,310,554 (2025 est.)

Pop: 652,271 (July 2020 est.)

Pop: 8,057,236,243 (2024 est.)

Capital: SanaaPop: 34,505,496 (2025 est.)

Capital: LusakaPop: 22,021,971 (2025 est.)

Capital: HararePop: 17,472,752 (2025 est.)